ArticleBMC chemistry2026
Innovative adsorptive remediation of MoS₂-QDs from wastewater by decorated hierarchical mesoporous calcite@chitosan hydrogel@graphene oxide nanocomposite.
Article in BMC chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS₂-QDs) are widely used in energy, catalysis, and biomedical applications. However, their uncontrolled release into the environment can pose ecotoxicological risks, highlighting the urgent need for effective removal and treatment strategies. Therefore, the present study is focused on the design and development of an innovative nanocomposite, consisting of hierarchical mesoporous calcite (HMC) embedded within a chitosan hydrogel (CH) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (HMC@CH@GO). This multifunctional system is introduced for the first time as an efficient composite for removal and recovery of MoS₂-QDs from contaminated aquatic environments. Comprehensive structural and morphological characterizations confirmed the successful formation of a mesoporous nanocomposite featuring an average pore size of 15.2 nm. Adsorption studies showed that optimal MoS₂-QD removal occurred at pH 4, with a maximum adsorption capacity at 21 mg/g using a dosage of 20 mg and 100 mg/L initial concentration. The adsorption equilibrium was rapidly reached within 30 min, while the kinetic data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, showing a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.999 at 50 mg/L). Isotherm modeling showed the best fit with both the Freundlich (R² = 0.992) and Langmuir (R² = 0.984) models. The combined isotherm and kinetic results confirm that the process is primarily driven by physisorption, complemented by a chemisorption component. Thermodynamic analysis verified endothermic and spontaneous reaction achieving ΔH° values as 11.43 kJ/mol (50 mg/L) and 13.12 kJ/mol (100 mg/L), besides the ΔG° values were turned into more negative with increasing temperature. In practical applications, the HMC@CH@GO nanocomposite achieved removal efficiencies up to 84.0% from tap water, 73.0% from seawater, and 64.0% from industrial wastewater. Also, HMC@CH@GO was identified to retain a reasonable performance after four regeneration cycles, exhibiting a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for MoS₂-QDs remediation from contaminated aquatic environments.
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