ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Tumor-targeted liposomal RNAi therapy suppresses breast cancer and modulates tumor microenvironment.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used nanocarriers, but their clinical translation remains limited by poor tumor selectivity and inefficient nucleic acid delivery. To address these challenges, we designed multifunctional liposomes incorporating phenylboronic acid (PBA) for tumor targeting, ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) as both a cholesterol-mimetic stabilizer and intrinsic anticancer agent, and small interfering RNA against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF was selected for its pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis and to counteract the paradoxical pro-angiogenic effect of Rh2. PBA-modified liposomes exhibited enhanced tumor accumulation and cellular uptake compared with non-targeted controls. Rh2 induced direct cytotoxicity, while VEGF silencing further suppressed angiogenesis together producing synergistic antitumor activity. In vivo, Rh2-PBA-siVEGF liposomes (RhPLIPO-siVEGF) and Rh2-PBA-Negative Control siRNA (siNC) liposomes (RhPLIPO-siNC) were evaluated in a 4T1 orthotopic breast tumor model. Both formulations elicited effects characterized by increased infiltration of T cells and M1 macrophages. Notably, RhPLIPO-siVEGF treatment significantly reduced tumor growth and microvascular density compared with RhPLIPO-siNC, confirming synergy between Rh2-mediated cytotoxicity and VEGF knockdown. Overall, this multifunctional liposomal system integrates tumor targeting, intrinsic cytotoxicity, and RNA interference-mediated anti-angiogenesis with minimal adverse effects, offering a potent and versatile nanoplatform for targeted breast cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.