ArticleBMC immunology2026
Elevated serum TNF-α in patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy correlates with muscle damage.
Article in BMC immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and to explore its correlation with disease activity.
methodsSerum TNF-α levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF-α mRNA expression in muscle tissues from IMNM patients was detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In vitro experiments were performed on human muscle cells stimulated with TNF-α to assess cell viability and the expression of downstream molecules.
resultsSerum TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in IMNM patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002). In IMNM patients, TNF-α levels showed a significant positive correlation with serum creatine kinase (CK; p = 0.0004) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; p = 0.0137). TNF-α mRNA was also overexpressed in muscle biopsies from patients with IMNM. In vitro, TNF-α stimulation significantly reduced muscle cell viability and upregulated the mRNA expression of downstream inflammatory mediators, including IP-10, MCP-1, IL-6, and phosphorylated p65.
conclusionElevated serum TNF-α in IMNM patients is associated with muscle damage and may contribute to disease pathogenesis by amplifying the inflammatory response. These findings suggest that TNF-α could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity in IMNM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.