ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2026
Replacing protein with carbohydrate or fat in infancy is associated with lower Body Mass Index in early childhood: results from the Melbourne InFANT Program.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHigher intakes of total and animal-source protein during infancy have been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) z scores in childhood.
objectiveWe examined the association of substituting protein with fat or carbohydrate intake, and the substitution of protein subtypes at 9 months of age with BMI z-scores and overweight status in children at 5 years of age.
methodsThis study involved a secondary analysis of data from the Melbourne InFANT program, a 15-month infancy obesity prevention intervention, with additional follow-ups conducted without intervention when children were aged 3.5 and 5 years. Data of 345 children who completed the 9-month, and 5-year follow-ups were analysed. Dietary intake at 9 months was assessed using three 24-h recalls. BMI z-score was measured at 9 months and 5 years of age. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders examined the associations between macronutrient and protein subtype substitutions at 9 months and changes in BMI z-score or overweight status at 5 years.
resultsSubstitution of 5%E or 100 kJ protein intake with carbohydrate intake at age 9 months was associated with a 0.16-unit (95% CI: -0.30, -0.02) or 0.11-unit (95% CI: -0.19, -0.03) decrease in BMI z-score at 5 years. Similarly, replacing 5%E or 100 kJ of protein intake with fat intake was associated with a 0.16-unit (95% CI: -0.29, -0.02) or 0.11-unit (95% CI: -0.19, -0.03) decrease in BMI z-score. There was no evidence of an association between substitution of protein with fat or carbohydrate intake and overweight status (P > 0.05). Replacement of animal protein with plant or dairy protein was also not significantly associated with BMI z-score or overweight status.
conclusionsSubstituting protein with carbohydrate or fat intake in infancy was inversely associated with BMI z-score in early childhood. The present study supports the need to discourage excessive protein intake during infancy.
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