Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42098318›Full record

ArticleDiscover nano2026

Influence of nanofluid on performance improvement of dielectric properties and dissolved gases in oil-immersed power transformers.

Abdul Suboor, Aejaz Masood, Asfar Ali Khan, Shabana Urooj, Mujib Ullah Zuberi, Shakeb A Khan, Obaidur Rahman, Shaheen Parveen, Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Discover nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abdul SuboorDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India.
Aejaz MasoodDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India.
Asfar Ali KhanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India.
Shabana UroojDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mujib Ullah ZuberiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India.
Shakeb A KhanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Obaidur RahmanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202001, India. obaidrahman.ee@amu.ac.in.
Shaheen ParveenDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Farhad Ilahi BakhshElectrical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Funding

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project PNURSP2026R79
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transformer reliability is strongly governed by the condition of insulating oil; however, limited studies have directly compared real-time aged transformer oil with standardized accelerated-aged oil or evaluated nanofluid performance in aged insulation systems. This study presents a novel comparative framework that first standardizes accelerated aging by matching its dielectric behavior and fault gas signatures with real-time aged transformer oil, and subsequently evaluates the effectiveness of mineral oil-based nanofluids in mitigating aging-induced degradation. Real-time aged and accelerated-aged oils were comparatively evaluated using dielectric constant, dielectric dissipation factor, resistivity, thermal conductivity, and dissolved gas analysis. To restore degraded insulation performance, nanofluids containing cerium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles were prepared and aged under identical conditions. Optimal nanoparticle concentrations of 25 mg/L for cerium oxide and 37.5 mg/L for zirconium oxide were identified. At these concentrations, cerium oxide nanofluids exhibited improvements of + 21.05% in dielectric constant, + 88.47% in resistivity, - 39.27% in dielectric dissipation factor, and + 7.75% in thermal conductivity, while zirconium oxide nanofluids showed enhancements of + 28.07%, + 143.46%, - 40.24%, and + 9.58%, respectively, compared with aged mineral oil. Dissolved gas analysis further revealed a 30-40% reduction in key fault gas concentrations, resulting in a diagnostic shift from severe thermal faults to no-major-fault conditions. These improvements correspond to a 25-40% reduction in aging acceleration factor and an estimated 20-30% extension in insulation life. The results demonstrate the strong potential of cerium oxide- and zirconium oxide-based nanofluids as effective insulating fluids for enhancing the reliability and longevity of oil-immersed power transformers.

Indexed as

Accelerated agingDielectric constantDielectric dissipation factorDissolved gas analysisNanofluidsResistivityThermal conductivity

Identifiers

PMID42098318
PMCPMC13153293

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.