Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42098302›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Occlusal force analysis with T-Scan and Innobyte in adult patients: a prospective study.

Mauro Lorusso, Fariba Esperouz, Elena D'Angelo, Michele Tepedino, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Lucio Lo Russo, Domenico Ciavarella

Abstract read
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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mauro LorussoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Fariba EsperouzDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Elena D'AngeloDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. elena.dangelo@unifg.it.
Michele TepedinoDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Dental School of L'Aquila, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Angela Pia CazzollaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Lorenzo Lo MuzioDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Lucio Lo RussoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Domenico CiavarellaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This prospective study investigated differences in occlusal force among adult patients with various vertical skeletal patterns and evaluated the association between total occlusal force and the centre of force position. Ninety-six subjects (46 females, 50 males; mean age 26.4 years, SD 1.4) with Angle Class I malocclusion were enrolled and classified as hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent according to the SN-MP angle. Digital occlusal analysis was performed using the T-Scan Novus system to assess occlusal contact time and centre of force position at maximum intercuspation, while maximum occlusal force was recorded using the Innobyte device. The centre of force was classified as anterior, centred, or posterior based on its spatial location within the dental arch. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using Welch ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc tests, and a generalized linear model evaluated the association between occlusal force and centre of force position (α = 0.05). Hypodivergent subjects showed the highest total occlusal force and occlusion time (513.3 N, 7.9 s), while hyperdivergent individuals exhibited the lowest (399.54 N, 6.93 s). In hypodivergent subjects, the centre of force was mainly anterior (70.7%), whereas in hyperdivergent individuals it was predominantly posterior (76.41%). A significant association was observed between total occlusal force and centre of force position (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed higher occlusal force (+ 54.61 N, p < 0.05) associated with an anterior centre of force (+ 116.78 N; p < 0.001) compared with the posterior group. Overall, increased occlusal force correlated with an extended time required to reach maximum intercuspation.

Indexed as

Bite ForceMalocclusion, Angle Class IAdultDental OcclusionFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesCentre of forceDigital occlusal analysisInnobyteOcclusal forceT-ScanVertical growth

Identifiers

PMID42098302
PMCPMC13338265

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