Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42098288›Full record

ArticleCommunications medicine2026

Circulating EV-microRNAs are dynamic biomarkers of resistance to therapeutic immunomodulation in metastatic melanoma.

Elena Splendiani, Zein Mersini Besharat, Claudia Sabato, Teresa Maria Rosaria Noviello, Maria Fortunata Lofiego, Vincenzo D'Alonzo, Monica Valente, Laura Solmonese, Alessia Covre, Sandra Coral and 12 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Communications medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Elena Splendiani *Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-9093
Zein Mersini Besharat *Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-9854
Claudia Sabato *Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
Teresa Maria Rosaria NovielloSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Maria Fortunata LofiegoCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Vincenzo D'AlonzoCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-377X
Monica ValenteCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Laura SolmoneseMedical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Alessia CovreMedical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Sandra CoralMedical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Francesca Pia CarusoIstituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore", Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2206-1459
Tanja Milena AutilioDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Ines SimeoneHumanitas Research, Rozzano, Italy.
Agnese PoDepartment of Radiological, Oncological & Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Anna CitarellaDepartment of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppina CatanzaroDepartment of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.
Roberta MortariniHuman Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-0561
Andrea AnichiniHuman Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-5538
Michele MaioCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-6321
Michele CeccarelliSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-6617
Anna Maria Di GiacomoCenter for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy. annamaria.digiacomo@unisi.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-2158
Elisabetta FerrettiDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. elisabetta.ferretti@uniroma1.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-6429

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMelanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, with a 50% five-year mortality in metastatic or unresectable cases. Non-invasive biomarkers are crucial for guiding treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), especially those encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), are stable in plasma and hold promise as biomarkers.

methodsThis study analyzed EV-associated miRNAs (EV-miRNAs) from 50 blood samples of 18 stage III-IV melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy and a DNA hypomethylating agent. Samples were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12. Patients were classified as responders (R) or non-responders (NR).

resultsA baseline signature of four EV-miRNAs predicted primary resistance. Treatment altered 15 EV-miRNAs at week 4 and 51 at week 12; nine were consistently modulated. At week 12, 27 EV-miRNAs differed between NR and R, with miR-1203 and miR-566-3p up-regulated in NR, linked to resistance and poor survival.

conclusionsThese results highlight EV-miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for predicting and monitoring therapy response.

Identifiers

PMID42098288
PMCPMC13369882

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