Three-dimensional void fraction evolution law and sensitivity analysis of mining-induced overburden based on Bertalanffy time function.

Zejun Li, Nan Zhou, YiZhu Lei, Qiming Yang, Meng Li, Hao Yan, Baiyi Li

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Zejun LiKey Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining of the Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.

Nan ZhouKey Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining of the Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China. 5724@cumt.edu.cn.

YiZhu LeiLiupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.

Qiming YangLiupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.

Meng LiState Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.

Hao YanKey Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining of the Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.

Baiyi LiState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.

Funding

he Key R&D Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 2023B01009Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Carbon Resources Research Project BM2024007the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2024-10939the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology 2024WLKXJ010the National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFC3904304the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province KYCX24_2845

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The voids in overlying strata caused by coal mining are prone to induce geological hazards. To reveal the evolution of overburden voids, a three-dimensional dynamic void fraction (VF) model based on the Bertalanffy time function was constructed and verified. Four evaluation indicators were proposed: the average VF of the caving zone, fracture zone, and separation zone (AVF-CZ, AVF-FZ, AVF-SZ), as well as the bulk average VF of the entire mining-induced overburden (BAVF-EMO). The influence of four main controlling factors-mining height, working face length, distance from the main roof to the coal seam, and distance from the sub-key stratum (SKS) to the coal seam-on these indicators was analyzed. The results show that with increasing mining time, the VF of the caving zone gradually decreases, whereas the VF of other zones gradually increases and stabilizes after 80 days of advancement. When the mining height exceeds 5 m, both AVF-CZ and BAVF-EMO decrease significantly; for every 100 m increase in the distance between the SKS and the coal seam, AVF-FZ and AVF-SZ increase notably. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for selecting backfilling parameters and for preventing and controlling mining-induced hazards.

Indexed as

Dynamic functionMain controlling factorsProbability integral methodVariance analysisVoid fraction (VF)

Identifiers

PMID42098213

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-48306-8

PMCPMC13342538

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.