Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42098190›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

A stable solid-like water at normal condition.

An Wei-Qing, Yue Xiang-An, Zou Ji-Rui

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

An Wei-QingResearch lnstitute Exploration & Development of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC, Karamay, Xinjiang, China.
Yue Xiang-AnState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China. yxa@cup.edu.cn.
Zou Ji-RuiState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China. zou_jirui@cup.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51334007National Natural Science Foundation of China 52204056the Research Fund of China University of Petroleum 2462024YJRC003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The physical state of water under extreme confinement can deviate from bulk behavior, yet such effects are typically considered limited to the sub-10 nm regime. Here we report a stable solid-like water phase under ambient conditions in SiO₂ microtubules spanning the submicron–micron scale. The confined water shows pronounced solid-like behavior: it can be sectioned by focused ion beam (FIB) milling and deforms plastically under stress rather than flowing, while maintaining a stable morphology from − 20 to 90 °C and from high vacuum (10⁻⁵ Pa) to atmospheric pressure. ¹H NMR, Raman, and IR spectra indicate strongly restricted molecular dynamics and a modified hydrogen-bonding environment distinct from bulk liquid water and crystalline ice. ¹H NMR quantification and surface-chemistry controls further identify an exceptionally high density of inner-wall silanol (SiOH) groups as the key factor governing formation and stability, with clear pH dependence and reversible transitions. These findings highlight a mesoscale confinement regime dominated by interfacial chemistry.

Indexed as

molecular kinetic energyNormal conditionSiO2 microtubuleSolid-like water

Identifiers

PMID42098190
PMCPMC13153236

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.