Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42097709›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2026

Congo's conflicts, minerals and microbes: planetary health implications.

Shahul H Ebrahim, John Ditekemena, Barrak Alahmad, Ann-Christine Duhaime, Dieudonné Mwamba, Ziad A Memish

Abstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shahul H EbrahimUniversity of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Bamako Capital District, Mali.ORCID 0000-0002-0746-2326
John DitekemenaElizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Barrak AlahmadHarvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ann-Christine DuhaimeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dieudonné MwambaNational Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Ziad A MemishAlfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia zmemish@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0002-5099-0714

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The abrupt re-escalation of the three-decade conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in January 2025, the July peace deal and new mineral extraction agreements highlight the Congo Basin's global significance. Known as the world's largest rare mineral reserve, the 'second lung of the planet', and a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases, the region embodies critical planetary health challenges. The conflict intensifies sylvatic-to-human transmission of zoonoses (involving at least 15 known pathogens), undermines climate change mitigation and conservation, disrupts human development-including education-and inflicts intergenerational harm.In the Congo basin, conflict-driven displacement and close contact with forests create ideal conditions for sporadic disease spillover. These risks are magnified by ecosystem disruptions from logging, mining, agriculture, wildlife trade, firewood collection and tourism, all intersecting with demographic shifts that push communities deeper into forested areas.Global demand for DRC minerals is surging, but without parallel investments in human development, biodiversity protection and disease surveillance, exploitation could accelerate regional instability and global health threats. The June 2025 peace deal and the rise of a mineral-based economy present a critical opportunity to align extraction with peacebuilding, sustainable development and climate resilience. Investments in enhanced surveillance and preparedness systems are essential to prevent transboundary pathogen spread and preserve fragile ecosystems. As the world grows increasingly dependent on the Congo's mineral wealth, realising its benefits requires renewed global commitment to ensure that resource extraction strengthens peace, resilience and planetary health rather than deepening conflict and instability.

Indexed as

Communicable Diseases, EmergingMineralsZoonosesAnimalsClimate ChangeCongoDemocratic Republic of the CongoEcosystemGlobal HealthHumansWildlife TradeMineralsAfricaCommunicable Diseases, EmergingHemorrhagic Fever, Ebola

Identifiers

PMID42097709
PMCPMC13157789

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.