Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42097703›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2026

Willingness to accept paediatric blood sample collection for clinical research purposes in Nepal: a qualitative study.

Ashata Dahal, Pratibha Oli, Mila Shakya, Shrijana Shrestha, Dikshya Pant, Sarah Kelly, Andrew J Pollard, Bipin Adhikari, Jennifer Van Nuil, Abhilasha Karkey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ashata DahalOxford University Clinical Research Unit Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal ashata.dahal@ndm.ox.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-9489-5233
Pratibha OliOxford University Clinical Research Unit Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Mila ShakyaOxford University Clinical Research Unit Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Shrijana ShresthaPatan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Dikshya PantPatan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Sarah KellyDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew J PollardOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bipin AdhikariNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8981-3910
Jennifer Van NuilNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford, UK.
Abhilasha KarkeyOxford University Clinical Research Unit Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Blood sample collection is essential for clinical research but can be challenging due to cultural beliefs, emotional responses, and misconceptions. This can escalate in paediatric settings. Despite the growing landscape of clinical research, evidence from South Asia remains limited. This study explores the factors influencing willingness to accept paediatric blood sample collection for clinical research in Nepal, drawing on experiences from a clinical research cohort. A qualitative study grounded in a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm, using semi-structured interviews, was conducted with 38 parents/guardians of sick children attending a study fever clinic. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants attending the study fever clinic at Patan Hospital, Nepal. Additionally, interviews were conducted with six research clinicians and nurses. Interviews were conducted between May 2022 and August 2023. The six-step thematic analysis process described by Braun and Clarke was used to identify key themes and subthemes related to blood collection experiences for research purposes. Willingness to provide consent for paediatric blood sampling was shaped by three inter-related factors: personal, behavioural and environmental. Personal beliefs about blood and blood volume, its replenishment and contribution to public health encouraged participation, while fears of harm and lack of personal benefit deterred consent. Behavioural factors included prior experience of blood collection, professional background and perceived necessity of the test. Environmental influences such as trust in the hospital and research staff, effective communication and family decision-making dynamics, were also critical. Some participants equated research blood collection with altruistic donation, while others expressed concerns about misuse or wastage. Our findings underscore the need to engage with the community regarding beliefs about blood in research, transparent communication and trust-building strategies in paediatric clinical research. These findings offer practical guidance for improving participant recruitment and retention in future clinical research in similar settings.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchBlood Specimen CollectionParentsPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInfantInterviews as TopicMaleNepalQualitative ResearchDecision MakingGlobal HealthQualitative studyTyphoid and paratyphoid fevers

Identifiers

PMID42097703
PMCPMC13157790

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.