In one paragraphArticle in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
15 authors.
Brandon M TowerAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-7452-298X Cindy M LiuAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4537-173X David J DiemertGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Tropical Medicine and Immunology, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2789-0512 Sydney G NelsonAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Chelsea E WareGeorge Washington Vaccine Research Unit, George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8347-3860 Juan E SalazarAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Tony PhamAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Reed M LeventisAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Katherine E RoseAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0593-9140 Annie L S RobertsAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9715-0272 Nathan O WeberAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Edward H SungAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Maliha AzizAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8347-5487 Ryan M TroyerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8908-5853 Daniel E ParkAntibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5139-5397 Funding
Influence of the nasal microbiome on host susceptibility and response to respiratory virusesR01AI168182 · NIAID · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Cindy Liu · 2023 to 2026
$2.8MGeorge Washington UniversityMilken Institute School of Public HealthNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI168182NIH HHS 5R01AI168182-03
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
backgroundLive attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) induces mucosal immunity through limited viral replication in the upper respiratory tract, but postvaccination viral shedding dynamics and their clinical correlates remain incompletely characterized.
methodsWe evaluated 283 healthy adults (108 in 2023-2024, 175 during the 2024-2025 influenza seasons) following intranasal LAIV administration. Nasal swabs were collected on post-LAIV days 1, 2-4, and 5-7 to quantify influenza A and B RNA by RT-PCR. Viral detection, shedding duration and burden, clearance kinetics, and probability of detection were compared across seasons, vaccine strain compositions (quadrivalent vs trivalent), and host factors. Respiratory symptoms were assessed.
resultsEarly viral shedding was frequent: influenza A or B RNA was detected in 86.9% of participants on day 1, with codetection in 52.7%. Probability of detection declined from 92% on day 1% to 9% on day 7. Influenza B had longer shedding duration (median, 2.0 vs 1.0 days; P < .001) and higher shedding burden (4.2 vs 4.0 log10 RNA copies/mL; P < .001). Three clearance profiles-rapid (clearance ≤4 days), moderate (5-7 days), and slow (≥7 days)-were identified. Profiles were consistent across seasons but influenza B was disproportionately represented in slower-clearance groups (P < .001). Total viral burden (P < .01) and shedding duration (P = .01) were associated with total symptom burden.
conclusionsLAIV replication begins within 24 h and declines over the first week, with persistent shedding uncommon after day 7. Influenza B replicates more extensively and persists longer than influenza A. Symptom burden correlates with shedding duration and viral burden.
Indexed as
Influenza A virusInfluenza B virusInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesVirus SheddingAdministration, IntranasalAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRNA, ViralVaccines, AttenuatedViral LoadYoung AdultInfluenza VaccinesRNA, ViralVaccines, Attenuatedimmunizationinfluenzalive attenuated influenza vaccineviral shedding
Identifiers
PMID42097577
PMCPMC13644873
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