Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42097145›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

A tumor-intrinsic WNT-inhibitory NOTUM program drives immune resistance in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.

Julian Chua, Arshdeep Kaur, Fynnis Mitchell, Anneke Korver, Parnika Sakthivel, Elleine Allapitan, Mahdin Uddin, Areeba Maqsood, Naomi Chege, Aralia Leon-Coria and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Julian ChuaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Riddell Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Arshdeep KaurDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Fynnis MitchellDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Riddell Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Anneke KorverDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Riddell Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Parnika SakthivelDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Elleine AllapitanDepartment of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Mahdin UddinDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Areeba MaqsoodDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Naomi ChegeDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Aralia Leon-CoriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Constance A M FinneyDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Oliver F BatheDepartment of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Parham MinooDepartment of Pathology, Cumming School of Medicine, and Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Arshad AyyazDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Riddell Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: arshad.ayyaz@ucalgary.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy remains largely ineffective in colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly in microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, which represent the majority of cases. However, the complexity of intratumoral heterogeneity has made it difficult to define tumor-intrinsic programs that drive immune resistance. Here, we identify a cancer cell population that emerges predominantly in advanced-stage MSS CRCs. These cells exhibit stem-like features but aberrantly activate a WNT-inhibitory transcriptional program marked by high NOTUM expression. We term these cells WNT/β-catenin inhibitory cancer cells (WICCs). WICCs are enriched in immune-excluded tumors, correlate with reduced CD8

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsMicrosatellite RepeatsWnt Signaling PathwayAnimalsbeta CateninCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansNeoplastic Stem Cellsbeta Catenincancer-stem-like cellsCD8(+) T cellscolorectal cancerimmunosuppressionimmunotherapymicrosatellite stableNOTUMsingle-cell genomicstumor microenvironmentWNT signaling

Identifiers

PMID42097145
PMCPMC13198260

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.