ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2026
Induction of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies by a two-step mechanism informs vaccine design.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Priming of Multiple HIV Neutralizing B Cell Precursors in Humans.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Scientific synergy between prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccines-prevention and cure.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- mRNA delivery of a class 1/4 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody protects against diverse sarbecoviruses in a lethal mouse challenge model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
58 authors.
Ashwin N Skelly *Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1565-3376
Harry B Gristick *Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1957-2821
Hui Li *Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7231-8219
Edem Gavor *Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7100-7849
Andrew J ConnellDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9393-3074
Edward F KreiderDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2330-8430
Lorie MarchittoDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4367-0229
Michael P HogartyDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3513-0222
Maddy L NewbySchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0624-245X
Joel D AllenSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2547-968X
Weimin LiuDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2903-2834
Anthony P WestDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4213-5184
Kasirajan AyyanathanDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1643-4009
Mary S CampionDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kaitlyn WintersDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Colette G GordonDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Rebecca A OsbaldestonDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-3992-2936
Macy J AkeleyDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-0970-3693
Emily LewisDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5721-0787
Yingying LiDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0237-6824
Ajay SinghDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7751-2934
Kendra CruickshankDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0396-3449
Younghoon ParkDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-5069-504X
Chengyan ZhaoDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Xuduo LiDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-1155-142X
Khaled AmerehDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-5801-6980
Elizabeth Van ItallieDuke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0736-7345
John W CareyDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-9261-3830
Amie AlbertusPenn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-1501-2256
Andrew T DeLaitschDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3458-3449
Jennifer R KeeffeDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5317-6398
Melinda G LituchyDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Agnes A WalshDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Daniel J MorrisDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5418-3904
Rumi HabibDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2812-8263
Frederic Bibollet-RucheDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-7518-6487
Nitesh MishraDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5387-0486
Gabriel AvillionDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6898-7783
Nicholas S KorandaDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Samantha J PlanteDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-4667-8031
Christian L MartellaDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-7175-9185
Jinery LoraDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-3534-7967
Eric J D WangDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3141-898X
Mark G LewisBioqual, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7852-0135
Malcolm A MartinLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1232-2966
Michel C NussenzweigLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0592-8564
Michael S SeamanCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6444-3562
Darrell J IrvineDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8637-1405
Kevin J WieheDuke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9933-9618
Barton F HaynesDuke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7643-9023
Kshitij WaghDuke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7552-6582
Bette KorberLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2026-5757
Raiees AndrabiDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8837-7520
Max CrispinSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1072-2694
Drew WeissmanPenn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1501-6510
Pamela J BjorkmanDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2277-3990
Beatrice H HahnDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9400-9887
George M ShawDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2338-4532
Funding
Nonhuman primate studies for development of a prototype HIV vaccine that induces broadly neutralizing antibodiesUM1AI144371 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HAYNES, BARTON F. · 2019 to 2025
$190.4MMEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007170 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BRASS, LAWRENCE F · 1985 to 2022
$54.0MViral TestingU42OD021458 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI CARLOS A SARIOL · 2016 to 2026
$45.1MStuctural basis of bNab activityP01AI100148 · NIAID · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Pamela J Bjorkman · 2013 to 2026
$43.3MVirus and Antibody Gene Sequencing CoreP01AI131251 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Kevin Wiehe · 2017 to 2026
$40.7MTranslational Science InitiativeP40OD012217 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI CARLOS A SARIOL · 2012 to 2026
$40.4MCHEETAH Center for the Structural Biology of HIV Infection, Restriction, and Viral DynamicsU54AI170856 · NIAID · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI WALTHER H MOTHES · 2022 to 2026
$34.4MTRAINING IN HIV PATHOGENESIST32AI007632 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Frederic D Bushman, James L. Riley · 2000 to 2026
$10.6MOptimizing glycan shield coverage, germline B cell receptor binding and epitope diversity of V2-apex targeted HIV-1 Env immunogensR37AI150590 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Beatrice H Hahn · 2019 to 2026
$6.9MB cell lineage-directed rational vaccine strategies based on CAP256SU Env-Ab co-evolutionR01AI167716 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Raiees Ahmad Andrabi · 2022 to 2026
$4.8MCombining germline-targeting, B cell immunofocusing and Env-Ab coevolution strategies to induce HIV Envelope V2-apex broadly neutralizing antibodiesR61AI161818 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ANDRABI, RAIEES AHMAD, SHAW, GEORGE M · 2021 to 2023
$4.7MTask Area A shall encompass annual follow-up of cohort members, clinical events investigations, study operations, and data analysis and manuscript writing. If implemented, Task A.1 will provide fundin75N92020D00006 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI PANKOW, JAMES S · 2020 to 2025
$4.4MBill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002143Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-007086Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-036842NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00006NIAID NIH HHS F30 AI179430NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI100148NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI131251NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI160607NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI167716NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI197997NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI161818NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI150590NIAID NIH HHS R61 AI161818NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007632NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI170856NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144371NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007170NIH HHS 75N93025C00002NIH HHS 75N99020D00006NIH HHS P40 OD012217NIH HHS U42 OD021458
Abstract
A major obstacle confronting HIV-1 vaccine and cure research is the lack of an outbred animal model for rapid and consistent induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). We designed an epitope-focused simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV.5MUT) that elicited broad and potent V3-glycan-targeted antibodies within a year of infection in 14 of 22 macaques compared with 0 of 14 control animals. SHIV.5MUT elicited bNAbs by a two-step mechanism, inducing an initial wave of V1-directed antibodies that selected for envelope (Env) glycoprotein variants with shortened, hypoglycosylated V1 loops, which in turn primed V3-glycan bNAb precursors. Rhesus bNAbs were immunogenetically and structurally diverse, closely resembling human V3-glycan bNAbs. Env-bNAb coevolution revealed a diverse repertoire of bNAb precursors and the Env variants that matured them, yielding a molecular blueprint for vaccine design.
Indexed as
AIDS VaccinesBroadly Neutralizing Antibodiesenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusHIV-1HIV AntibodiesHIV InfectionsSimian Immunodeficiency VirusVaccine DevelopmentAnimalsEpitopesHumansMacaca mulattaAIDS VaccinesBroadly Neutralizing Antibodiesenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusEpitopesHIV Antibodies
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