Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42096144›Full record

ArticleImmunologic research2026

Fine specificity of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in patients with COVID-19.

Caterina Porciani, Francesco Pisani, Maria Laura Manca, Lorenzo Pacini, Fosca Errante, Roberto Mozzo, Luigi De Simone, Paola Migliorini, Federico Pratesi

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Immunologic research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Caterina PorcianiDep.t of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-4361
Francesco PisaniDep.t of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8305-8976
Maria Laura MancaDep.t of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-2313
Lorenzo PaciniInterdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-2213
Fosca ErranteInterdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-9886
Roberto MozzoAnaesthesia and Intensive Care Santa Chiara Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Luigi De SimoneAnaesthesia and Intensive Care Santa Chiara Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Paola MiglioriniDep.t of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6433-4964
Federico PratesiDep.t of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. federico.pratesi@unipi.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-0907

Funding

Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca 2022F5N25M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The production of antibodies against viral structural proteins such as the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The N protein contains several immunogenic regions. In this work we analysed epitope specificity and avidity of anti-N antibodies in COVID-19 patients. Eighty-nine COVID-19 patients were recruited. IgG, IgA, IgM antibodies to recombinant N protein and to 6 different peptides containing predicted B epitopes were measured by ELISA. Antibody avidity was evaluated by chaotropic ELISA. Anti-N IgG, IgA, and IgM were detected in 59%, 41% and 30% respectively; in 11% cases anti-N IgG are the only antibodies present in COVID patients. IgG and IgA anti-N antibodies levels correlate with levels of IL-6 and inversely with PaO

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdultAgedAntibody AffinityAntibody SpecificityEpitopes, B-LymphocyteFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MMaleMiddle AgedAntibodies, ViralCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsEpitopes, B-LymphocyteImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin Mnucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2PhosphoproteinsAntibody avidityAnti-nucleocapsid antibodiesCOVID-19Epitope mappingNucleocapsid

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.