Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42096051›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2026

Social functioning, loneliness, and psychosis phenotype in the general population: a network analysis perspective.

Valentína Cviková, Sára Majsniarová, Jakub Januška, Alexandra Straková, Silvia Harvanová, Vladimír Ivančík, Natália Čavojská, Adam Kurilla, Anton Heretik, Michal Hajdúk

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Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Valentína CvikováDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8947-8832
Sára MajsniarováDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-9866-2902
Jakub JanuškaDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-1102
Alexandra StrakováDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0734-7173
Silvia HarvanováDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Vladimír IvančíkDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-8910
Natália ČavojskáDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-040X
Adam KurillaDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-5026
Anton HeretikDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-6586
Michal HajdúkDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia. michal.hajduk@uniba.sk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-7564

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePsychotic experiences (PEs) occur across a continuum from subclinical phenomena in the general population to clinical disorders and are consistently associated with impaired social functioning. The present study aimed to investigate the network structure linking PEs, social functioning, and loneliness, and to identify central elements within this network.

methodsWe analyzed data from a representative sample of Slovak adults (N = 1200) who completed validated measures of PEs, loneliness, social functioning, emotional distress, social motivation, and mentalizing. A regularized partial correlation network was estimated using EBICglasso, comprising 17 nodes. Centrality indices and edge weights were used to determine the most influential nodes and connections.

resultsThe network revealed 40 non-zero edges. Friendship approach, bizarre experiences, social withdrawal, paranoia, and avolition emerged as the most interconnected nodes. Paranoia was strongly associated with loneliness and social withdrawal, while avolition was linked to loneliness and reduced social participation. Negative affect showed associations with loneliness and diminished participation. Social withdrawal linked negative symptoms to diminished social engagement and interpersonal communication. In contrast, hallucinations and grandiosity showed no notable direct associations with social functioning or loneliness.

conclusionThese findings highlight paranoia, social withdrawal, and avolition as central mechanisms connecting PEs with social functioning and loneliness, while social approach motivation may serve as a protective factor. The results support a dimensional model of psychosis and point to early social and motivational targets for intervention.

Indexed as

General populationLonelinessNetwork analysisPsychosis continuumPsychotic experiencesSocial functioning

Identifiers

PMID42096051

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