ArticleAnnals of hematology2026
The role of interleukin-1 beta as an early biomarker for renal dysfunction in Egyptian sickle cell disease patients.
Article in Annals of hematology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSickle cell nephropathy is a recognized complication increasingly seen in young individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). The typical progression of glomerular disease is thought to involve hyperfiltration and albuminuria, eventually leading to a decline in glomerular filtration rates and ultimately end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study sought to investigate the relationship between urinary interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a marker of inflammation, and existing biomarkers of renal damage in SCD patients. The goal was to identify IL-1β as a novel, early diagnostic biomarker for sickle nephropathy. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis case-control study enrolled forty-six patients (both genders, aged 18-40 years) with sickle cell disease and forty-six healthy controls. All patients were subjected to the following: A complete medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigation including a complete blood analysis, blood chemistry (which included kidney function tests and liver function, serum ferritin, urinalysis, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody, estimated GFR, urinary IL-1 beta using the ELISA technique, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio). These measurements were taken for both the case and control groups.
resultsThe mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level showed a statistically significant increase in SCD patients. The median value of the albumin/creatinine ratio level was statistically different between cases and controls. The median value of urinary IL-1 beta level was statistically different between cases and controls. Assessment of correlations between urinary IL-1 beta and eGFR revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between them, while assessment of the correlation between urinary IL-1 beta and the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between them in sickle cell patients.
conclusionIn this study, significant renal hyperfiltration, a high frequency of albuminuria, and elevated urine IL-1β levels are all present in Egyptian adults with sickle cell disease. Urinary IL-1β, albuminuria, and eGFR are strongly correlated, highlighting the crucial role of inflammation in sickle cell nephropathy pathogenesis. A promising non-invasive biomarker for early renal injury and disease progression in sickle cell disease (SCD) may be urinary IL-1β.
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