ArticleInternational journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association2026
Stage-Dependent Changes in Kynurenine Pathway Enzyme Expression Suggest Immune-Related Involvement in Bladder Cancer Progression.
Article in International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Editorial Comment on "Stage-Dependent Changes in Kynurenine Pathway Enzyme Expression Suggest Immune-Related Involvement in Bladder Cancer Progression": Rethinking the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in Urological Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the L-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway contributes to immune escape in neoplasms, including bladder cancer (BC). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a key enzyme, and its catabolites-Kyn, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), and 3-hydroxyanthranilate (3HAA)-depend on other enzymes and play a crucial role in immunomodulation.
objectivesWe investigated the association between Kyn pathway enzyme expression and BC prognostic factors.
methodsData from 165 bc patients in the GEO DataSets were analyzed, comparing staging, tumor grade, progression, and recurrence with the expression of IDO1, arylformamidase (AFMID), kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase (KAT), kynureninase (KYNU), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO), and aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD). Predictive genes were further evaluated in RT4 (low-grade, non-invasive) and T24 (high-grade, invasive) BC cells treated with IFN-gamma and the IDO1 inhibitor INCB024360. Trp catabolites were quantified in the supernatant.
resultsEnzyme expression varied widely, especially for IDO1, AFMID, KAT, KMO, and KYNU. IDO1 correlated positively with KMO and negatively with KAT. High IDO1 and KMO levels were linked to advanced-stage disease, while KAT and KYNU were associated with earlier stages and lower tumor grade. RT4 and T24 cells showed distinct basal enzyme expression, with T24 cells being more responsive to IFN-gamma, increasing IDO1 and KYNU while decreasing KAT and KMO. These effects were inhibited by INCB024360. High Trp consumption increased Kyn and 3HAA but not 3HK.
conclusionsKyn pathway enzyme expression varies with disease progression and may indicate immune activity by influencing tumor microenvironment catabolites. BC cell sensitivity to immune stimuli differs, potentially shaping distinct immune escape mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.