Intentional cranial modifications in the Americas: The temporal and spatial patterns of potential transmissions and cultural innovations.

Stacey M Ward, Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra, Caitlin Raymond, Gizéh Rangel-de Lazaro, Sinéad Lynch, Laura A B Wilson

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stacey M WardSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Marcelo R Sánchez-VillagraDepartment of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich 8006, Switzerland.

Caitlin RaymondSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Gizéh Rangel-de LazaroArt History Department, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain.

Sinéad LynchInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.

Laura A B WilsonSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For at least 10,000 years, people from many cultures have demonstrated social status or group affiliation by performing intentional cranial modification (ICM), altering head shape for life in early infancy. We present a database of ICM cases (

Indexed as

AnthropologyArcheologyGeography

Identifiers

PMID42095079

DOI10.1016/j.isci.2026.115643

PMCPMC13141071

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.