ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
The predictive value of serum 25(OH)D, AQP4, and IL-4 levels for edema volume and clinical prognosis after traumatic brain injury.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels with brain edema volume and outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: A cohort of 279 TBI patients, enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024, was analyzed. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, AQP4, and IL-4, as well as brain edema volume, were measured on days 1, 3, and 7 post-admission. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between these serum markers and brain edema volume. Based on the 90-day follow-up outcome, patients were classified into a favorable outcome group ( Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels were highest on day 1 post-TBI, followed by day 3 and day 7 ( Conclusion: Serum levels of 25(OH)D, AQP4, and IL-4 are significantly associated with brain edema volume in TBI patients. Among these markers, serum 25(OH)D levels on the first day post-injury serve as the most reliable prognostic indicator of patient outcomes.
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