Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42094873›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Saudi Heart Association2026

Outcome and Clinical Characteristics of Diaphragm Dysfunction After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: From Detection to Plication.

Muhammad Shahzad, Mohammed Bokir, Haifa AlMuhanna, Abdulaziz Alanazi, Zehra AlAbbas, Reem Beheri, Yasser A Alheraish, Khaled Alarwan

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Article in Journal of the Saudi Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Muhammad ShahzadPediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed BokirCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Haifa AlMuhannaCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz AlanaziPediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Zehra AlAbbasPediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Reem BeheriPediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Yasser A AlheraishPediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Khaled AlarwanPediatric Cardiac Surgical ICU, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Diaphragm paralysis (DP) due to phrenic nerve injury is a rare but serious complication of pediatric cardiac surgery (0.3-5% of cases). It presents as an extubation failure or difficulty weaning from ventilation. Early recognition and management are essential. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristic and outcome of diaphragm paralysis after heart surgery in children. Methods: A retrospective single-center review (2019-2024) was conducted of ultrasound-confirmed DP case. Demographics, surgical details, ventilatory course, interventions, and outcomes were analyzed. Partial and complete DP were compared using multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors. Results: Out of 2280 surgeries, 108 children (4.7 %) developed DP, with 75 % being infants (median age 6.3 months). Partial paresis happened in 2.9 % and complete paralysis in 1.8 %. The left side was affected most, 46 % of total cases. Children with complete DP were younger (median 5.8 vs 7.4 months, Conclusion: Diaphragm paralysis after heart surgery is a serious problem in children, especially infants. Partial paralysis improved with non-invasive ventilation and physiotherapy, but complete paralysis often need surgery. Protecting the phrenic nerve, using early imaging, and the prompt actions may improve the outcome.

Indexed as

Congenital heart diseaseDiaphragm paralysisOutcomePediatric cardiac surgeryPhrenic nerve injuryUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID42094873
PMCPMC13142676

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