ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Heparin-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles via Amide Chemistry for Selective Targeting of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Pathogenic Fungi.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Heparin, a polydisperse glycosaminoglycan, is well-known for its anticoagulant activity and clinical use in preventing venous thromboembolism. In addition to coagulation, heparin and its derivatives have shown therapeutic potential in cancer and infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to develop and evaluate heparin-capped AgNPs (hep-AgNPs) as multifunctional nanotherapeutics with selective cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. Methods: Heparin was covalently conjugated to cysteamine-terminated silver nanoparticles via MES-buffer-mediated amide coupling, providing a mild, aqueous alternative to conventional DMF-based methods. The nanoparticles were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The colloidal stability was assessed over a broad range of pH values. The biological performance of hep-AgNPs was evaluated in vitro against a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (MDA-MB-231), a double-positive cell line (MCF-7), and normal breast cells (MCF-10A), and microbial strains, including Results: The synthesised hep-AgNPs exhibited high yield, effective heparin surface functionalization, and excellent colloidal stability at physiological pH, with stability systematically assessed across a broad pH range. Hep-AgNPs demonstrated time and concentration-dependent selective cytotoxicity, toward breast cancer cells, including MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231, with a favourable selectivity index (>1) compared to MCF-10A cells, and the strongest selectivity observed in the TNBC model at 48 h. In addition, hep-AgNPs showed potent antibacterial activity (IC Conclusion: Heparin-capped silver nanoparticles combine the biological functionality of heparin with the antimicrobial and selective cytotoxic properties of the silver nanoparticles. Their selective cytotoxicity, antimicrobial efficacy, and favourable cellular interaction profiles highlight their potential as multifunctional nanoplatforms for applications such as chronic wound management in neutral to alkaline wound environments, and dose-controlled, targeted therapeutic strategies relevant to aggressive cancer models, including TNBC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.