Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42094583›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Constitutive and inducible fibrosis explain immune variation among threespine stickleback populations.

Emma S Choi, Ben A Flanagan, Heather Alexander, John Berini, Alex Yeung, Cole J Wolf, Viola Watts, Grace Vaziri, Nataly Vargas, Caroline Szajda and 22 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Emma S ChoiDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7671-7487
Ben A FlanaganDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0204-6139
Heather AlexanderBamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, V0R 1B0.ORCID 0009-0001-7366-6984
John BeriniDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4004-2358
Alex YeungDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Cole J WolfDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5354-9169
Viola WattsBamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, V0R 1B0.
Grace VaziriDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4454-8003
Nataly VargasDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0009-0007-9195-2064
Caroline SzajdaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Penelope SteffenDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Ipsita SrinivasDepartment of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA.ORCID 0009-0009-6945-4784
Mehreen ShahidDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Ana SantacruzStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2673-1322
Kaligua RochonBamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, V0R 1B0.
Luke RippinDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 USA.
Edith Reyes ContrerasDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Emma S RedfieldDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Emma PolardBamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, V0R 1B0.ORCID 0009-0005-6376-7270
Cate PattersonDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Fahad S GilaniDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0009-0000-6741-5452
Julian FlanaganDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-0283-6790
Shira DubinDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Peaches CooperDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Panna CodnerDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 USA.
Amy ChenDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Gwen CaseyDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
Abigail G AlbrightDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0009-0006-0727-9843
Jessica HiteDepartment of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4955-0794
Jesse N WeberDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4839-6684
Daniel I BolnickDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3148-6296
Amanda K HundDepartment of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7758-6757

Funding

Reciprocal genetics of recently-evolved vertebrate immunity and peritoneal helminth counter-adaptationR01AI123659 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Daniel Imara Bolnick · 2017 to 2026
$3.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123659
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding how immune variation arises in natural populations requires disentangling the relative contributions of host genetic differences, environmental variation, and parasite effects, which is rarely possible in wild systems. Threespine stickleback populations vary in their use of intraperitoneal fibrosis as a defense against the helminth parasite

Indexed as

adaptationecoimmunologyevolutiongenetic variationhost-parasite interactionsSchistocephalus solidus

Identifiers

PMID42094583
PMCPMC13142448

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.