Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42094551›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

A 0.6-meter resolution canopy height model for the contiguous United States.

Scott L Morford, Brady W Allred, Shea P Coons, Anthony A Marcozzi, Sarah E McCord, Joseph T Smith, David E Naugle

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Scott L MorfordNumerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3831-9119
Brady W AllredNumerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Shea P CoonsNumerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-7238-6033
Anthony A MarcozziNew Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM.ORCID 0000-0003-4697-8154
Sarah E McCordJornada Experimental Range, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Las Cruces, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4755-2625
Joseph T SmithNumerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
David E NaugleW.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula MT.ORCID 0000-0001-9286-9878

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Above-ground vertical structure is a critical variable for ecosystem monitoring, carbon accounting, and land management. However, the high cost and limited coverage of airborne lidar hinder its widespread application. To address this, we developed NAIP-CHM, a 0.6-meter resolution canopy height and structure model (CHM) covering the contiguous United States, derived from National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery. Unlike forestry-specific models that exclude human-made features, NAIP-CHM characterizes the full vertical structure of the landscape including vegetation, buildings, and infrastructure. We utilized a U-Net convolutional neural network with attention mechanisms and environmental conditioning, training and validating the model with a peer-reviewed, publicly available dataset of 22.8 million co-registered NAIP imagery and lidar-derived CHM pairs, with stratified sampling to ensure robustness in open-canopy ecosystems. The model achieved a pixel-wise root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.28 meters and an r

Identifiers

PMID42094551
PMCPMC13142505

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.