Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42094092›Full record

ReviewThe Japanese dental science review2026

Protocols to evaluate the antibacterial and irrigation efficacy of new root canal irrigants: A systematic review of ex vivo studies.

Atsushi Oishi, Ayako Tsubaki, Yusuke Iwabuchi, Yudai Kitaichi, Yuika Yamanaka, Kanae Wada, Asuna Sugimoto, Tsutomu Iwamoto

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Japanese dental science review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Atsushi OishiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Ayako TsubakiSchool of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Yusuke IwabuchiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Yudai KitaichiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Yuika YamanakaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Kanae WadaDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Asuna SugimotoDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Tsutomu IwamotoDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Sodium hypochlorite is known as the standard irrigant for root canal treatment. However, current guidelines emphasize careful use because of risk of soft-tissue injury. Despite the growing interest in alternative irrigants, standardized evaluation methods remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a structured overview of current methodological practices and to offer evidence-informed guidance for future ex vivo research. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to identify original articles published over the past decade that evaluated root canal irrigants, including their antibacterial properties, using ex vivo models. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included in this review. Conclusions: This review reveals that ex vivo research on root canal irrigants focuses on the removal of two critical domains - organic pathological tissue and smear layer, while our results represent the most frequent patterns in antibacterial and cleaning assessments. Considering the reaction mechanisms of irrigants, implementing corresponding cytotoxicity or biocompatibility testing would be desirable to establish evidence-based safety evaluation in future studies.

Indexed as

Endodontic irrigantsEndodontic TreatmentRoot canal irrigantsRoot canal irrigant solutionsRoot canal treatmentSodium Hypochlorite

Identifiers

PMID42094092
PMCPMC13141068

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.