ArticleResearch square2026
Humoral Immune Correlates Analysis of Four Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques.
Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We assessed correlates of protection (COP) in a vaccine trial of 126 Rhesus macaques randomized to placebo or one of four vaccines (mRNA-1273 [Moderna], Ad26.COV2.S [Janssen], NVX-CoV2373 [Novavax], and CoV2 preS dTM+AS03 [Sanofi]) at varying doses and challenged with SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020 strain). Four immune marker assay readouts (live virus microneutralization assay, Meso scale discovery electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and pseudovirus neutralizing assay using 50% or 80% inhibitory dose) measured at two time points (2 weeks prior to challenge and day of challenge) were assessed as correlates of protection. Protection was defined as ability to predict reduction in one of 12 measures of viral load (two RT-qPCR assays [subgenomic (E protein) and genomic (N1)], two time periods [two days post challenge and area under the curve (AUC) from challenge to the last day of sample collection], and three locations [nasal swab, oropharyngeal swab, and bronchioalveolar lavage]). There was high correlation among all immune marker measurements (all correlations ≥0.86) and viral load measurements (all correlations≥0.87). In 28 of 96 models predicting viral load from an immune marker, adjusted R-squared was ≥0.4 (maximum=0.52). In most of those 28 models, viral load was measured using nasal swab and summarized by AUC. In 56% of cases, a simple model predicting viral load from an immune marker explained >80% of variability compared to models that additionally contained dose parameters for different vaccines. Further, the observed viral load for animals receiving each vaccine showed good agreement to their predicted values modelled only using data from animals receiving the other three vaccines (agreement coefficients between 0.25-0.59). These analyses suggest that neutralizing titers and antibody binding levels are correlates of protection that predict reduction in viral load across these four different vaccines.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.