ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Vitamin D dynamics predict treatment response to intravenous glucocorticoids in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cytokines and drugs targeting cytokines in Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGC) represent first-line therapy for active moderate-to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The relationship between vitamin D (VitD) and IVGC efficacy in TAO remains undefined. Methods: This retrospective study grouped TAO patients completing IVGC therapy with standardized VitD/calcium supplementation at First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (2015-2019). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and bone markers were measured pre/post-treatment. Multivariate regression and ROC analysis identified predictors. Results: In total, 52 TAO patients were enrolled, including 33 responders and 19 non-responders. Non-responders had significantly higher baseline triglycerides, thyroxine and longer duration of ophthalmopathy. Responders exhibited higher baseline β-CTX and N-MID OC. Notably, 73.08% of patients had baseline 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), with a significant 25(OH)D increase observed only in responders ( Conclusion: Δ25(OH)D is an independent predictor of IVGC response in TAO. Monitoring dynamic changes in serum 25(OH)D during therapy and targeting a minimum increase of 2.7 ng/mL may be associated with improved treatment outcomes, particularly in male, elderly, and VitD-deficient subpopulations.
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