Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42093735›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

Multicellular microtissues from fused ligament- and bone-cell spheroids relevant to enthesis repair.

Francesca Giacomini, Shivesh Anand, Steven Vermeulen, David Barata, Zeinab Niloofar Tahmasebi Birgani, Pieter J Emans, Carmen López-Iglesias, Lorenzo Moroni, Carlos Mota, Stefan Giselbrecht and 2 more

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Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Francesca GiacominiMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Shivesh AnandMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Steven VermeulenMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
David BarataMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Zeinab Niloofar Tahmasebi BirganiMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Pieter J EmansDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint-Preserving Clinic, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC)+, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, 6229 HX, the Netherlands.
Carmen López-IglesiasMicroscopy CORE Lab, Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Lorenzo MoroniMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Carlos MotaMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Stefan GiselbrechtMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Pamela HabibovićMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.
Roman TruckenmüllerMERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The enthesis, the point where a tendon or ligament attaches to bone, is a graded fibrocartilaginous interface that poorly regenerates after injury. Here, we present a modular and scaffold-free strategy for engineering microtissues relevant to enthesis repair by fusing anterior cruciate ligament-derived spheroids with spheroids from osteogenically differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells. We show that the maturation state of the constituent spheroids governs fusion dynamics and spatial organization, enabling the controlled formation of ligament-, fibrocartilage-, and bone-like regions within a single, radially/concentrically organized construct. Within 10 days, the fused tissues display locally distributed lineage-specific markers and type X collagen localized at the interface between the osteogenically-derived core and ligamentous shell. The latter is indicative of the

Indexed as

Acoustic/ultrasound stimulationde novo tissue formationEnthesisHigh-throughput screeningMicrotissuesSpheroid fusion

Identifiers

PMID42093735
PMCPMC13141807

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.