ArticleSe pu = Chinese journal of chromatography2026
[Determination of 31 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with direct injection].
Article in Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFAS） possess desirable properties， including hydrophobicity， oleophobicity， surface activity， and thermal and chemical stability. Their extensive production and widespread application have resulted in the pervasive presence of PFAS in diverse environmental media. However， accumulating evidence indicates that PFAS are persistent， capable of long-range transport， bioaccumulative， and toxic； consequently， their adverse effects on ecosystems and humans are of widespread concern. Aquatic environments serve as a major transport pathway and contamination route for PFAS， making accurate measurement of PFAS levels in water crucial for assessing associated environmental and health risks. However， accurate quantification requires multi-step procedures， including sample filtration， enrichment， nitrogen blow-down concentration， and reconstitution， such as solid-phase extraction （SPE） and accelerated solvent extraction （ASE）. These methods are often labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although research on fully automated SPE technology is increasing， it necessitates installation of online SPE systems， which entail high costs and may present limitations in sample throughput per run. With continuous advancements in mass spectrometry， instrumental sensitivity has improved considerably， making direct injection of water samples for multi-analyte analysis technically feasible. However， reports on the use of direct injection methods for detecting PFAS in water remain limited， and the number of target analytes covered in such studies is relatively small. In this study， a direct injection-ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was developed for the determination of 31 PFAS in water. To optimize the chromatographic separation， enhance the detection sensitivity of target analytes， and minimize undesirable adsorption losses， the method was meticulously optimized with respect to solvent selection， injection volume， and syringe filter type. Our method involves the following procedure： 0.5 mL of water is aliquoted， mixed with 0.5 mL of methanol spiked with 2 ng of internal standard， and filtered through a 0.22 μm polypropylene membrane. The PFAS were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS with an injection volume of 35 µL. The analytes were ionized in electrospray ionization negative mode （ESI
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