Observational studyImmunity, inflammation and disease2026
Impact of Early COVID-19 Antiviral Therapy on the Incidence of Uveitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the TriNetX Database.
Observational study in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether antivirals are associated with a reduced incidence of uveitis following COVID-19.
methodsWe conducted a multi-institutional, population-based retrospective cohort study of adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 between 2022 and 2024. Patients who received antiviral agents (Paxlovid, Molnupiravir, or Remdesivir) within 5 days of diagnosis were matched 1:1 with untreated controls using propensity score matching. Patients with pre-existing uveitis, early-onset uveitis within 5 days of the index date, or underlying systemic inflammatory or infectious diseases were excluded. The primary outcome was new-onset uveitis, with hazard ratios (HRs) calculated across follow-up intervals.
resultsAfter matching, 438,455 patients were included in both the antiviral and non-antiviral groups. Antiviral therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of uveitis at 3 months (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.87), 6 months (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54-0.87), 1 year (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.91), 3 years (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.92), and all duration (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.93). Subgroup analysis revealed consistent benefit across all age groups, with females experiencing greater protection than males. Significant reductions in uveitis risk were observed among patients with diabetes (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89), hyperlipidemia (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.95), and heart failure (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.90). Among the antivirals, Paxlovid was associated with a significant risk reduction (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.96), whereas Molnupiravir and Remdesivir showed no statistically significant effect. CEV classification did not show significant improvement. Besides, the risk reduction was evident regardless of prior COVID-19 vaccination status.
conclusionsEarly antiviral treatment for COVID-19 such as Paxlovid, is associated with a reduced risk of uveitis. These findings suggest that, in addition to mitigating systemic disease progression, antiviral therapy may confer ocular protective effects, which could be especially meaningful for high-risk populations.
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