Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42093084›Full record

ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2026

RENAsym, a quantitative systems toxicology platform model, designed to predict drug-induced kidney injury indicates polymyxin B and valproate overdose toxicity potential while simultaneously demonstrating acetaminophen and valproate safety at therapeutic levels.

Celeste Vallejo, Pallavi Bhargava, Nader Hamzavi, Matthew McDaniel, Vinal V Lakhani, Timothy Qi, Christina Battista, Lara Clemens, Lisl K M Shoda, Zackary R Kenz and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Celeste VallejoSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Pallavi BhargavaSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Nader HamzaviSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Matthew McDanielSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Vinal V LakhaniSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Timothy QiSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Christina BattistaSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Lara ClemensSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8326-8608
Lisl K M ShodaSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Zackary R KenzSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Shailendra TallapakaSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Yeshitila GebremichaelSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
Jeffrey L WoodheadSimulations Plus, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.

Funding

Software for predicting a drug's potential to cause acute kidney injuryR44DK118981 · NIDDK · DILISYM SERVICES, INC. · PI HOWELL, BRETT ALYN · 2018 to 2020
$1.7M
NIDDK NIH HHS R44 DK118981Small Business Innovation Research 1R44DK118981-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RENAsym is a quantitative systems toxicology (QST) modeling platform designed to predict drug-induced kidney toxicity. The model includes the proximal tubule cell (PTC) life cycle, regeneration of PTCs, sodium reabsorption, nephron death, and drug-induced injury and inflammation within the proximal tubules. The mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity included are overproduction of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inputs into the QST model include the drug's exposure in the kidney and results from in vitro toxicity assays used to parameterize the toxicity mechanisms included in the model. The QST model has a wide array of outputs including fraction of viable PTCs, fraction of viable nephrons, and serum creatinine concentration over time that allow the user to assess the extent of kidney injury induced by a drug. Polymyxin B, valproate, and acetaminophen were three compounds used to test RENAsym's ability to correctly classify compounds as either nephrotoxic or safe. The model successfully identified polymyxin B and valproate as drugs with the potential to cause kidney injury and acetaminophen as a drug that does not cause kidney injury at therapeutic levels, providing increased confidence that the model can be used to indicate kidney injury liability using in vitro inputs before dosing in clinical settings.

Indexed as

AcetaminophenModels, BiologicalPolymyxin BValproic AcidAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsDrug OverdoseHumansKidney Tubules, ProximalAcetaminophenAnti-Bacterial AgentsPolymyxin BValproic Acidcomputational modelingcomputational toxicologykidneymathematical modelingnephrotoxicityphysiologically based pharmacokinetics

Identifiers

PMID42093084
PMCPMC13240676

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.