ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2026
Live attenuated RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c mutants of Toxoplasma gondii are promising vaccine candidates conferring protection in pigs.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite which infects nearly all warm-blooded animals and humans, causing zoonotic toxoplasmosis. Pork infected with T. gondii is considered a significant source of human infection. Currently, no commercial vaccines are available for porcine toxoplasmosis globally, thus a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. This study evaluated the immuno-protective effects of two T. gondii gene knockout attenuated strains, RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c, in pigs.
methodsPigs immunized by intramuscular injection with 1 × 10
resultsPigs immunized with either RHΔtkl1 or PruΔpp2a-c exhibited only low-grade fever. Combined with pathological changes and pathological scores, these findings support the moderate safety of both strains. Pigs immunized with either RHΔtkl1 or PruΔpp2a-c and subsequently challenged with T. gondii Pru oocysts and tachyzoites exhibited a sharp increase in T. gondii-specific antibodies, which remained high for 5 weeks (P < 0.01). Pathological lesions were alleviated after immunization, with a significant reduction in parasite load observed in tissues including the brain, heart, gastrocnemius, longissimus dorsi, psoas major, and diaphragm (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a marked decrease in brain cyst burden was recorded (P < 0.0001). Mouse bioassay results confirmed a significant reduction in the proportion of mouse brain tissues positive for T. gondii genomic DNA in the group immunized and then challenged, compared to the non-immunized challenged group (P < 0.0001).
conclusionsThe two live attenuated RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c mutants of demonstrated moderate safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in pigs, identifying them as potential candidate vaccines against porcine toxoplasmosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.