ArticleBMC surgery2026
Analysis of prognostic factors for R1/R2 resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in BMC surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo identify prognostic factors and develop a predictive tool for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) undergoing R1 or R2 resection, thereby informing patient selection and individualized treatment decisions.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of HCCA patients who underwent R1 or R2 resection at a single center. Independent prognostic factors were identified using Cox regression analysis, and a predictive nomogram was constructed using R software.
resultsMultivariate analysis identified four independent prognostic factors: surgical margin status (P = 0.002), tumor differentiation grade (P = 0.030), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), and adjuvant therapy (P = 0.023). The nomogram based on these factors demonstrated favorable discriminatory ability, with a C-index of 0.780. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.904 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.831-0.966) and 0.822 (95% CI: 0.736-0.897) for predicting 1-year and 2-year survival, respectively. Patients stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups by the nomogram showed significantly different survival outcomes (1-year survival: 44% vs. 92.5%; 2-year survival: 20% vs. 52.8%).
conclusionThe developed nomogram effectively predicts prognosis following R1 or R2 resection for HCCA, demonstrating good discrimination and short-term predictive accuracy. It serves as a useful tool for postoperative risk stratification and personalized management planning.
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