ArticleCancer medicine2026
Long-Term Survival Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Among Cancer Survivors in United States.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCancer survivors are increasingly living beyond 5 years post-diagnosis and are projected to exceed 26,000,000 in the United States (US) by 2040. Research is needed on racial and ethnic differences in long-term survival.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study of 10,895,183 individuals diagnosed with cancer from the US population-based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) data (2000-2021), we compared survival outcomes up to 15 years post-diagnosis across 6 mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups: Hispanics, and non-Hispanic White, Black, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI).
resultsOverall, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black, Asian, AI/AN, and NHPI cancer survivors had persistently poorer survival outcomes compared to non-Hispanic White cancer survivors. AI/AN men and women, NHPI men, and Black women experienced the poorest outcomes. Survival gaps widened over time. By year 15, male AI/AN and NHPI and female AI/AN and Blacks were more than 25% more likely to die compared to their White counterparts. These disparities were most pronounced among individuals with advanced-stage cancers and persisted across counties with various income levels. Racial/ethnic differences varied by cancer site.
conclusionsLong-term survival disparities by race and ethnicity persist and widen beyond 5 years post-diagnosis, particularly among non-Hispanic AI/AN individuals, NHPI men, and Black women. These trends are not solely explained by income or cancer stage, highlighting the need for long-term, risk-based and tailored survivorship care to reduce racial and ethnic differences in cancer outcomes.
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