ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2026
Carbon Footprint of Antibody-Based Drugs and Biologics Using Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment.
Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biological engineering has emerged since the 1980s as one of the most efficient technologies to develop new medicines. The monoclonal antibody platform is the most widely used, representing about 15-20% of drug sales. Only scarce and partial monoclonal antibody life cycle assessments (LCAs) are reported. We estimate the cradle-to-pharmacy gate carbon footprint of monoclonal antibodies from the pharmacopeia on the market (n = 103) using the full life cycle inventory of the medicines, encompassing antibody production, packaging production, transport, medicine manufacturing, and associated corporate emissions using a hybrid LCA/environmentally extended input-output model. Monoclonal antibody-based drugs have an important carbon footprint with a mean of 169.7 kgCO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.