Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42092166›Full record

ArticleNature plants2026

Water lily complete genomes illuminate the innovations of water lilies and early angiosperms.

Ji Zhang, Yufan Liang, Guanhua Liu, Yang Bai, Xin-Cheng Huang, Yibo Bai, Pedro Garcia-Caparros, Tianlong Zhu, Jianyu Fu, Hongbin Zhang and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature plants, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ji Zhang *Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9369-5487
Yufan Liang *Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0252-0416
Guanhua Liu *Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Yang Bai *Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-4914
Xin-Cheng Huang *College of Horticulture, Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Yibo BaiNational Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China.
Pedro Garcia-CaparrosAgronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-7108
Tianlong ZhuHainan Fodu Lianyuan Ecological Agriculture Co. Ltd, Haikou, China.
Jianyu FuTea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Hongbin ZhangSanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Hongliang ChenSanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Wenquan WangSanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-3437
Liangsheng ZhangAgriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1919-3677
Yifan JiangCollege of Horticulture, Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. jiangyifan@njau.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2542
Jia-Yu XueCollege of Horticulture, Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. xuejy@njau.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-9935
Fei ChenSanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China. feichen@hainanu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-6906

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32172614
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water lilies are among the most basal groups of angiosperms and retain many morphological and physiological traits of early angiosperms, making them invaluable for studying angiosperm evolution, particularly floral organ development. Here we present the most comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Nymphaea to date, alongside gap-free genome assemblies for three species (Nymphaea colorata, Nymphaea thermarum and Nymphaea caerulea). Our analyses resolve 2 major clades, day-flowering (section A) and night-flowering (section B), which diverged approximately 50 million years ago. Comparative genomics reveals an angiosperm-exclusive pectin lyase gene specifically expressed during pollen tube elongation. Regarding floral traits, we identify the transcription factor NcolMYB75-like as a master regulator of blue anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expansion and diversification of the O-methyltransferase gene family drive the synthesis of species-specific floral scent volatiles. These findings deepen our understanding of early angiosperm innovations and provide a genomic framework for plant breeding and ecological conservation.

Indexed as

Genome, PlantMagnoliopsidaNymphaeaFlowersPhylogenyPlant ProteinsPlant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID42092166

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.