ArticleScientific reports2026
Water-energy-food nexus assessment in the transboundary harirud river basin using the MUSIASEM framework.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water, food, and energy systems are highly interconnected, and changes in one can have a direct impact on the others. In transboundary basins, these interactions become more complex due to conflicting interests and uneven distribution of resources. In Harirud River Basin, Afghanistan, unsustainable upstream water development plans (e.g., dams and agricultural expansion) have increased water use, resulting in reduced flows downstream to eastern Iran. This reduction, combined with climate variability, has heightened pressure on groundwater and weakened the security of food and energy systems. Using the multi-scale MuSIASEM framework, this study assesses the structural and functional performance of water, food, and energy subsystems on both sides of the Iran–Afghanistan border from 2011 to 2021. Results show that Iran annually produced 2.88 million tons of agricultural outputs with 10,839 terajoules of energy inputs and 1,712 million cubic meter (MCM) of green/blue water, while Afghanistan produced 0.78 million tons with 2,694 terajoules and 692 MCM of water. In the energy sector, Iran generated 11,741 GWh of electricity mainly from fossil fuels, whereas Afghanistan produced only 44 GWh from hydropower. Water withdrawal in Iran reached 2320 MCM/yr, compared to 660 MCM/yr in Afghanistan. These findings highlight the vulnerability of downstream resources and underscore the need for cooperative transboundary basin-level management policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.