Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42091823›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2026

Forward-looking Behavior in Health Insurance.

Caroline Chuard, Fabienne Loetscher, Christian P R Schmid

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Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Caroline ChuardCSS Institute for Empirical Health Economics, Tribschenstrasse 21, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland. caroline.chuard@css.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6049-9542
Fabienne LoetscherDepartment of Economics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Christian P R SchmidCSS Institute for Empirical Health Economics, Tribschenstrasse 21, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-385X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigate whether individuals adjust their health care utilization in anticipation of forthcoming price changes. Leveraging an exogenous increase in cost-sharing in the Swiss health care system at the age of 18, we estimate the impact of future price changes on current health care demand. Results indicate that individuals expecting higher future prices augment current outpatient health care spending by approximately CHF 40 (or 5%). This behavior is confined to low-cost male individuals, who likely have the strongest incentives to engage in anticipatory spending. We find no evidence for forward-looking behavior in the inpatient sector. Our study underscores the significance of forward-looking behavior in health care demand analysis, health insurance design, and the potential welfare implications of patient cost-sharing.

Indexed as

Dynamic incentivesForward-looking BehaviorHealthcare demandHealth insurance

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.