ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Association of Bone Mass, Falls, and Vertebral Fractures in Older Patients on Hemodialysis: The Role of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) disproportionately affects older adults, who face increased risks of falls and fractures due to age-related changes, renal osteodystrophy, comorbidities and dialysis-related factors. Although bone abnormalities and fall risk have often been examined separately in patients with ESRD, few studies have evaluated vertebral compression fractures (VCF) in older HD patients while concurrently assessing skeletal, functional and geriatric risk factors. The role of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in identifying multidimensional risk factors in this context remains underexplored.
objectiveTo investigate associations between bone mass, falls and VCF in older adults undergoing HD, and evaluate the utility of CGA in identifying risk factors and informing care strategies.
participantsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 50 older adults (≥ 65 years; mean age 67.8 (3.2), range 65-76) with ESRD on maintenance HD. Participants had multiple comorbidities, typical of this population, including anemia, cardiovascular disease and chronic liver disease. MAIN MEASURES: Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Falls, VCF, comorbidities, and medication use were documented via interviews and medical records. CGA included assessments of activities of daily living (ADLs), mobility, cognition, depression, nutrition and social support. FRAX scores and biochemical markers (parathyroid hormone [PTH], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) were analyzed.
resultsFalls occurred in 28% of participants, significantly associated with prior fall history (p < 0.001), advanced age (p = 0.011), anemia (p = 0.040), chronic liver disease (p = 0.044), reduced mobility (p = 0.037), depression (p = 0.01), impaired ADLs (p = 0.037) and poor nutrition (p = 0.032). VCF were present in 14%, associated with earlier menopausal age, back pain, elevated ALP and higher FRAX scores. Osteoporosis was most prevalent at the distal radius (46%). Hip T-scores were lower in the VCF group (p = 0.003). PTH and ALP were significantly higher in VCF patients (p = 0.003), indicating impaired bone turnover.
conclusionOlder adults on HD face a substantial burden of falls and vertebral fractures due to overlapping functional, metabolic and psychosocial factors. CGA effectively identified multidimensional risks, underscoring the need for integrated preventive strategies.
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