ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Reported Knowledge of Recent HbA1c, Blood Pressure, and LDL-cholesterol Levels and Goals Among US Adults with Diabetes-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2020.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGuidelines recommend adults with diabetes should know their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and goals.
objectiveDetermine the proportions of US adults with diabetes who report knowing their HbA1c, BP, and LDL-cholesterol levels and goals as recommended by their doctor or healthcare provider.
designA cross-sectional analysis of the US adults with self-reported diabetes from 2011-2020 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES).
participantsUS adults in NHANES with self-reported diabetes. MAIN MEASURES: Sociodemographic characteristics including age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, and health insurance coverage were assessed using standardized questionnaires. The outcomes were self-report of knowing HbA1c, BP, and LDL-cholesterol levels and goals. Age-sex-adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance estimation were used to estimate associations of participant characteristics with each of these outcomes.
resultsAmong US adults with diabetes included in the analysis (N = 3,464), 58.3% (95% CI: 55.4%-61.2%), 68.3% (95% CI: 65.7%-70.7%) and 18.0% (95% CI: 16.3%-19.8%) reported knowing their recent HbA1c, BP, and LDL-cholesterol levels, respectively, and 53.4% (95% CI: 50.5%-56.2%), 39.7% (95% CI: 37.2%-42.3%), and 13.4% (95% CI: 11.5%-15.6%) reported knowing their HbA1c, BP, and LDL-cholesterol goals, respectively. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic versus non-Hispanic White adults, those with less than versus at least a high school education, and those without versus with health insurance were less likely to report knowing their HbA1c, BP, or LDL-cholesterol levels and goals.
conclusionLow percentages of US adults with diabetes reported knowing their HbA1c, BP, or LDL-cholesterol levels and goals. Understanding reasons for the gaps in knowledge among US adults with diabetes may facilitate interventions to increase risk factor awareness and diabetes self-management behaviors.
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