ArticleBMJ open2026
Prevalence and independent predictors of refractive error among adults with diabetes in Addis Ababa: a multicentre hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and independent predictors of refractive error among adults with diabetes in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia.
designA multicentre hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling method.
settingThis study was conducted at public referral hospitals' diabetic care clinics of Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia from 13 May to 17 August 2025.
participantsThe study included 391 adult patients with diabetes who met the inclusion criteria.
main outcome measuresData were collected using face-to-face interviews completed by an interviewer, ophthalmic examinations and reviewed medical records.
resultsIn this study, 391 participants (a response rate of 92.4%) participated. The median age of the participants was 54 years IQR (46-62). The prevalence of refractive error was 55.7% (95% CI 50.7 to 60.7). Older age, female sex, longer diabetes duration, poor glycaemic control, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and cataract were positively associated with refractive error.
conclusionThis study found a high prevalence of refractive error among patients with diabetes in Central Ethiopia. Older age, female sex, longer diabetes duration, poor glycaemic control (assessed by both fasting blood glucose and haemoglobin A1c), hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and cataract were significantly associated with refractive error.
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