ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
Alignment between AI clinical decision tools and multidisciplinary tumor board decisions in prostate cancer.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the concordance between treatment recommendations generated by LLMs and decisions made by a multidisciplinary uro-oncology tumor board.
methodsForty-eight consecutive prostate cancer cases previously discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board were retrospectively analyzed. For each case, treatment recommendations were generated using five LLM platforms (ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT, Perplexity, Copilot, and DeepSeek) based on standardized clinical summaries. Four independent urology specialists evaluated the concordance between LLM recommendations and tumor board decisions using a 5-point Likert scale. Differences among models were assessed using the Friedman test followed by Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Inter-rater agreement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient.
resultsSignificant differences in concordance were observed among the evaluated AI platforms (χ
conclusionLarge language models can demonstrate substantial concordance with multidisciplinary tumor board decisions in prostate cancer management. However, variability among models and the risk of hallucinated information indicate that LLMs should function as clinical decision-support tools under expert supervision rather than as autonomous decision-makers.
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