ArticlePlant cell reports2026
Functional characterization of citrus SOS genes reveals CsSOS2 as a key regulator of salinity tolerance in Carrizo citrange.
Article in Plant cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
key messageSalt Overly Sensitive 2 (SOS2) modulates citrus salinity tolerance by coordinating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense, thereby enhancing growth and stress resilience in Carrizo citrange under salt stress. Citrus productivity is increasingly threatened by environmental stressors, including salinity, which reduces fruit yield and quality. Salt stress activates molecular networks such as the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, which maintains ion balance by promoting Na⁺ efflux and regulating stress-responsive genes. Tolerance depends on restoring ionic homeostasis, reducing osmotic stress, and limiting ROS accumulation. In this study, we identified three SOS genes in citrus SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3, and analyzed their expression under salt stress in 'Hamlin' sweet orange grafted onto Carrizo citrange. Subcellular localization of EGFP fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana showed plasma membrane localization for CsSOS1, cytoplasmic and nuclear localization for CsSOS2, and a cytosolic/nuclear distribution for CsSOS3, aligning with their roles in ion transport and stress signaling. Under NaCl treatment, CsSOS2 transcript levels were downregulated in 'Hamlin' trees. To further investigate its functional role in detail, Carrizo citrange lines overexpressing CsSOS2 were developed using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Under salt stress, transgenic lines exhibited improved growth, higher chlorophyll content, increased antioxidant capacity, and reduced lipid peroxidation compared to wild-type plants. Ion analysis revealed moderate Na⁺ accumulation, while expression profiling showed stress-specific upregulation of antioxidant genes (CsAPX2, CsPOD1, CsPOD2) and ion transporter genes (CsSOS1, CsSOS2, CsSOS3, CsNHX1). These results suggest that CsSOS2 overexpression enhances citrus salt tolerance by modulating antioxidant defenses and maintaining ionic homeostasis, offering a promising target for developing salt-tolerant citrus cultivars and advancing understanding of stress adaptation in woody perennials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42089908What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.