Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42089549›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals2026

Mental Health Promotion in the Personal Trainer-Client Relationship: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Indi Dissanayake, Oscar Lederman, Kathina Ali, Rachael L Home, Daniel B Fassnacht

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Mental Health Promotion in the Personal Trainer-Client Relationship: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Indi DissanayakeSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9268-9556
Oscar LedermanHuman Performance Research Centre, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kathina AliSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-0553
Rachael L HomeSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
Daniel B FassnachtSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6542-5008

Funding

RTP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

issue addressedIn Australia, one in five adults experiences a mental disorder and 1.5 million individuals exercise with a personal trainer or coach. Consequently, personal trainers are likely exposed to individuals with mental health concerns, despite having minimal mental health training. This study aimed to explore personal trainers' exposure and responses to clients' mental health concerns.

methodsAustralian personal trainers responded to an online survey which assessed how frequently personal trainers observed clients with mental health concerns and their responses to these concerns. Bivariate correlations, chi-square tests of independence and independent samples t-tests were used to assess relationships between variables.

resultsOf 56 personal trainers, almost all (96%) reported encountering mental health concerns from clients and 48% reported a frequency of at least weekly. Worry/anxiety (50%) and significant interpersonal stress (46%) were identified by the personal trainers as the most frequently observed client concerns. In response to client concerns, most personal trainers (89%) used listening skills, while those who had received mental health training were more likely to refer clients to mental health professionals.

conclusionsDespite a lack of formal training, personal trainers are frequently exposed to individuals with mental health concerns. There is a need for appropriate mental health training in this profession to allow for adequate referral pathways. SO WHAT?: Our findings indicate personal trainers play a role in mental health promotion. By providing personal trainers with adequate training, they can refer clients with mental health concerns to mental health professionals.

Indexed as

Health PromotionMental DisordersMental HealthAdultAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID42089549
PMCPMC13147909

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.