Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42088857›Full record

ArticleFuture healthcare journal2026

Learning to share nicely: Leveraging the Nobel Prize-winning Shapley value to enhance collaboration and cooperation in healthcare systems.

Mohammed A Mohammed, Neil Walton, Ozayr Mohammed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Future healthcare journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Decision making at the front door.Future healthcare journal · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mohammed A MohammedThe Strategy Unit, NHS Midlands and Lancashire Commissioning Support Unit, Birmingham, UK.
Neil WaltonUniversity of Durham Business School, Durham, UK.
Ozayr MohammedThe Strategy Unit, NHS Midlands and Lancashire Commissioning Support Unit, Birmingham, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Healthcare systems are facing mounting financial pressures, often intensified by structural fragmentation that fosters 'self-serving profit centres', fuels a 'medical arms race', and leads to a 'tragedy of the commons'. As these systems shift toward more integrated and collaborative models, the need for fair, efficient and transparent cost-sharing mechanisms becomes increasingly urgent. The Nobel Prize-winning Shapley value, derived from cooperative game theory, offers a principled approach to allocating costs and benefits based on each party's contribution. This method not only promotes equity and accountability, but also encourages sustainable collaboration toward shared objectives. Given the complexity of healthcare decision-making, the Shapley value represents a promising approach that merits further exploration and evaluation in real-world settings.

Indexed as

Cost-sharingFair cost sharingHealthcare systemsShapley value

Identifiers

PMID42088857
PMCPMC13138194

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.