Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42088536›Full record

ArticleJournal of health monitoring2026

Contextual factors in the surveillance of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Germany: political, social and environmental indicators.

Laura Neuperdt, Oktay Tuncer, Rebekka Mumm, Susanne Jordan, Anne Starker, Kristin Manz, Stephan Müters, Christin Heidemann

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of health monitoring, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Laura NeuperdtRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Oktay TuncerRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Rebekka MummWIG2 GmbH - Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health System Research in Leipzig, Germany.
Susanne JordanRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Anne StarkerRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Kristin ManzRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Stephan MütersRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Christin HeidemannRobert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The health of the population is shaped by political, social and environmental conditions - referred to as contextual factors in this paper - which influence the risk of type 2 diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCD). The article provides an overview of selected indicators for this topic. Method: The indicators were developed based on a literature review and a multi-stage selection process, considering their relevance for the prevention of diabetes and other NCD as well as the availability of data. Available nationwide data were used for operationalisation. Results: Six indicators were agreed upon: tobacco control, the consumer price index, food taxation and prevention expenditure in the area of health policy measures, the at-risk-of-poverty rate in the area of employment and social affairs, and use of means of transport in the area of built and physical environment. The time trends for these indicators are integrated into the NCD Surveillance of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and are presented on the web portal of the federal health reporting. The results for all indicators point to inadequate prevention measures. Conclusions: Context indicators help to track changes over time in environmental determinants of health. As part of NCD Surveillance at the RKI, this topic will be continuously developed.

Indexed as

At-risk-of-poverty rateConsumer price indexDiabetes mellitusHealth expenditureHealth policyInflation rateNCD SurveillanceNon-communicable diseasesPopulation healthPovertyTaxesTobacco controlType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42088536
PMCPMC13137379

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