ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Evaluating long non-coding RNA signatures as biomarkers for inflammatory pathway regulation and rehabilitative outcomes in Parkinson's disease: toward a precision medicine approach.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Approximately 2% of the human genome encodes proteins, while the remaining non-coding regions 19 may play critical roles in human diseases. Among these, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are 20 emerging as key regulators of gene expression through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-21 transcriptional mechanisms, and may serve as potential biomarkers. In this pilot study, we investigated 22 lncRNAs in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing a six-week intensive multidisciplinary 23 rehabilitation program. Plasma samples from 26 PD patients were collected before (T0) and after (T1) 24 the intervention. Array profiling of 84 inflammation- and immunity-related lncRNAs revealed that 25 86% were differentially expressed post-intervention, with 55 upregulated (fold change >2) and 17 26 downregulated. Quantitative PCR confirmed significant upregulation of MALAT1, TUG1, and XIST 27 at T1 (p < 0.05). Plasma IL-1β levels were also significantly reduced after rehabilitation (p = 0.01). A 28 2 significant reduction in UPDRS-III scores was observed at T1 (p = 0.031), reflecting improved motor 29 function; however, no significant correlation was found between clinical changes and molecular 30 findings. These preliminary, hypothesis-generating results suggest that rehabilitation may modulate 31 immune-related lncRNAs and inflammatory markers in PD, providing insights into their regulatory 32 roles in neuroinflammation and potential as biomarkers of response to rehabilitative interventions.
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