Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42088258›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health2026

The "two-hit" storm: a hyper-inflammatory endotype in pediatric long COVID and its role in the severity of secondary bacterial pneumonia-a mechanistic review and clinical implications.

Hong Huang, Siyi Chen, Zheng Fang, Yingtao Ma, Yan Xu, Guojuan Dong

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hong Huang *Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Siyi Chen *Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Zheng FangChangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Yingtao MaChangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Yan XuHenan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
Guojuan DongChangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical patterns of pediatric respiratory infections have undergone significant changes, with increasing attention on the immunological imprint left by Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as Long COVID. A perplexing clinical phenomenon has been observed: some children with a history of Long COVID exhibit a disproportionately severe inflammatory response and extensive lung injury when encountering common community-acquired pneumonia, such as that caused by

Indexed as

COVID-19InflammationPneumonia, BacterialChildCommunity-Acquired PneumoniaHumansPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness Indexhyper-inflammatory endotypeimmune reprogramminglong COVIDpediatric pneumoniasecondary bacterial infectiontwo-hit model

Identifiers

PMID42088258
PMCPMC13136275

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.