ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2014
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Dual Edge of zinc: linking excessive intake to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular risks.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2025Pooled it
- Human Health Effects of Oral Exposure to Chromium: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Chromium as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Pooled it
- The effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Hair, serum and urine chromium levels in children with cognitive defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case control studies.Chemosphere · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic Variants Shaping Inter-individual Differences in Response to Dietary Intakes-A Narrative Review of the Case of Vitamins.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Determination of Folate Bioavailability From Brewer's Yeast in a Dual Isotope Randomized Human Intervention Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Trivalent chromium versus baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: first phase 2/3 randomized controlled trial, is trivalent chromium the upcoming immune-modulator?Inflammopharmacology · 2024Trial
- The effectiveness of daily supplementation with 400 or 800 µg/day folate in reaching protective red blood folate concentrations in non-pregnant women: a randomized trial.European journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Chromium(III) Beyond Insulin: A Mechanistic Roadmap Across the Energy-Redox-Inflammation Triad in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Serum Trace Elements and Self-Reported Physician-Diagnosed Tumor History: A Secondary Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Exposure Study on Susceptible People (SPES).Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Development of Value-Added Food Products from European Catfish (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Safety of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) pursuant the regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and the bioavailability of nicotinamide from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Glutamate: Safe and Adequate Intake Levels for Infants-Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating Large Language Models for Food Supplement Development: A Case Study in Glycemic Control.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Dysglycemia and Cardiometabolic Risk: Pathophysiological Rationale and the Emerging Role of Nutraceuticals in Integrated Prevention.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Valorisation of Clementine, Mandarin, and Orange Peel By-Products as Value-Added Sources of Macronutrients, Fatty Acids, and Multiple Elements.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Analysis of the Elemental Composition of Milk Formulae: Impact on the Nutritional Status of Infants From Birth to 1 Year of Age.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Blanching of Two Commercial Norwegian Brown Algae for Reduction of Iodine and Other Compounds of Importance for Food Safety and Quality.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) considered the evidence for setting Dietary Reference Values for chromium. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) has been postulated to be necessary for the efficacy of insulin in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. However, the mechanism(s) for these roles and the essential function of Cr(III) in metabolism have not been substantiated. The criteria for the essentiality of a trace element were considered. It was noted that attempts to create chromium deficiency in animal models have not produced consistent results, and that there is no evidence of essentiality of Cr(III) in animal nutrition. Evaluating the possibility of Cr(III) as an essential element for humans, the evidence from reported improvements associated with chromium supplementation in patients on total parenteral nutrition was considered to be the most convincing, but overall data do not provide sufficient information on the reversibility of the possible deficiencies and the nature of any dose-response curve in order to identify a dietary requirement for humans. The Panel concludes that no Average Requirement and no Population Reference Intake for chromium can be defined. Several studies assessed the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose and/or lipid metabolism. In the only study for which information on total chromium intake was available, there was no difference in parameters of glucose metabolism of normoglycaemic subjects between the placebo and chromium-supplemented periods. The Panel considered that there is no evidence of beneficial effects associated with chromium intake in healthy subjects. The Panel concluded that the setting of an Adequate Intake for chromium is also not appropriate.
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