ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2026
Association between Prolactinoma and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from a Korean Nationwide Cohort.
Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgruoundThe effect of prolactinoma on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been evaluated at the population level. We investigated the association between prolactinoma and incident T2DM in a nationwide cohort.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which includes 2% of the total national population selected by random sampling, covering the period from 2002 to 2019. A total of 335 patients with newly diagnosed prolactinoma and 1,562 age- and sex-matched controls were included. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM using Cox proportional hazards regression. Time-dependent HRs were also estimated.
resultsThe proportion of prolactinoma patients who developed T2DM was significantly higher than that of controls (10.1% vs. 5.5%; relative risk, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.69). After adjustment for age, sex, income, and comorbidities, the risk of T2DM remained significantly higher in the prolactinoma group (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.41). Subgroup analysis showed a markedly increased risk among individuals aged ≥50 years (HR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.66 to 12.08). The positive association between prolactinoma and T2DM decreased over time but remained significant for up to 3 years after prolactinoma diagnosis (HR, 9.28 [95% CI, 3.45 to 24.97]; HR, 3.15 [95% CI, 1.55 to 6.38]; and HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.44 to 1.53] for ≤1, 1-3, and >3 years, respectively).
conclusionNewly diagnosed prolactinoma was independently associated with a higher risk of T2DM, with the association diminishing over 3 years. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring for T2DM during the early management of prolactinoma, particularly in middle-aged patients who may have been previously overlooked.
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